UNIT I Role of Single Crystalline Silicon in

Investigate how silicon wafers are grown using the Czochralski method. Discuss why single crystallinity is critical in transistors and integrated circuits. Analyze how inter-planar spacing and crystal orientation affect electron mobility and device efficiency. Discuss challenges related to crystal defects during production.

UNIT I Impact of Polycrystalline Structure on

Study a real-world case where nickel-based superalloy turbine blades failed due to grain boundary oxidation/corrosion. Explain how polycrystalline structures contribute to early failure. Introduce the concept of single crystal blades in modern jet engines (used in GE, Rolls-Royce). Recommend materials/designs to mitigate such issues.

UNIT I Controlling Crystal Imperfections to

Study how cold working and alloying can be used to control dislocation density. Use industrial examples (like automotive or construction steel) to show how defect engineering improves strength and ductility. Include discussion on heat treatment and grain refinement. Relate it to the crystal structure of steel at various phases (FCC austenite vs BCC ferrite/martensite).

UNIT I Crystal Structure and Defects in Titan

Analyze the use of Ti-6Al-4V alloy in orthopedic implants. Discuss how HCP structure affects mechanical properties like fatigue strength. Evaluate how grain size, dislocations, and impurities impact corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. Consider processing techniques like additive manufacturing (3D printing) and how they affect microstructure.