Electrochemistry

Case Study: Glass Electrode vs Calomel Electrode in pH Measurement Scenario: A pharmaceutical company needs to monitor the pH of a buffer solution during the production of an injectable drug. The process engineer must choose between a glass electrode and a calomel electrode for accurate, real-time pH measurement. Analyze the suitability of each electrode system for this application. 1. Working Principle of Glass Electrode (6 marks) 2. Comparison with Calomel Electrode in pH Measurement (4 marks) 3. Nernstian Response Equation (4 marks) Marking Scheme: • Working principle: 6 marks • Comparison: 4 marks • Equation: 4 marks

Electrochemistry

Case Study Question: Design of a Galvanic Cell for Portable Devices A company developing eco-friendly portable power sources wants to design a lightweight, rechargeable galvanic cell that can power small sensors used in remote environmental monitoring. They are considering using the Cu–Zn system because of its cost-effectiveness and well-known electrochemical properties. The design needs to ensure stable voltage output and minimal corrosion of the electrodes during long-term use.

Assignment 2 Nanomaterials(case study 1)

Case study 1 – Nanomaterial synthesis and properties A research team wants to design a transparent, conductive coating for flexible touch-screen devices using nanomaterials. They are considering metal oxide nanoparticles prepared by the sol–gel method and carbon nanotubes produced by chemical vapour deposition. • (a) Explain how size-dependent optical and electrical properties of nanomaterials can help achieve both high transparency and good conductivity in this coating. • (b) Compare sol–gel and CVD routes for this application in terms of process conditions, control over particle size/morphology, and scalability for industrial production

Assignment 2 Nanomaterials (Case study 2)

Case study 2 – Nanotechnology in energy and medicine An interdisciplinary group is developing a dual-application nanotechnology platform: (i) nanostructured electrodes for high-performance energy storage devices and (ii) drug-delivery carriers for targeted cancer therapy. • (a) Discuss how the size-dependent mechanical and electrical properties of nanomaterials improve the performance of electrodes in energy devices such as batteries or supercapacitors. • (b) Describe how the same or related nanomaterials can be engineered (surface functionalisation, shape, size) for safe and effective use in medicine, highlighting at least two benefits and two challenges.