Real-Time Application Assignment: Design and

You are tasked with designing a simple LED lighting circuit for a small desk lamp. The lamp uses a series of LEDs to provide sufficient lighting, powered by a standard 120V AC household supply (60 Hz). The AC input is converted to DC using a full-wave rectifier and a smoothing capacitor to provide a steady DC voltage to the LEDs. Your goal is to analyze the DC circuit for the LEDs using Ohm’s Law, Kirchhoff’s Laws, nodal analysis, and mesh analysis, and evaluate the AC circuit parameters such as RMS voltage, average power, and power factor.

Below are 5 different Case Studies on Wiring,

CASE STUDY 1 – Faulty Residential Wiring (713525CE001-713525EE011) A newly built house shows flickering lights and overheated switches due to loose connections and poor earthing. High-load kitchen appliances were connected to one circuit, violating wiring rules. Proper earthing, tightening terminals, and using ISI-marked accessories restored safety and prevented future electrical hazards. CASE STUDY 2 – Short Circuit in Student Laboratory (713525CE012-713525CE023) An electrical lab experienced a short-circuit fire caused by old wiring and unsupervised student connections. Lack of RCCB and damaged boards increased risk. Replacing wiring, installing protective devices, and enforcing safety training prevented further incidents and ensured compliance with wiring regulations. CASE STUDY 3 – Industrial MCB Tripping (713525CE024-713525CE035) A manufacturing plant faced frequent MCB tripping due to undersized wires and overloaded circuits powering multiple motors. Loose panel terminals worsened heating. Redesigning circuits, proper load distribution, and following IS wiring rules ensured smooth operation and improved plant safety. CASE STUDY 4 – Shock from Damaged Extension Cord (713525CE036-713525CE047) CASE STUDY 5 – Apartment Fire from Old Wiring(713525CE048-713525CE062) An apartment caught fire due to ageing aluminium wiring, loose neutral connection, and missing earthing. Overloaded circuits triggered arcing. Upgrading to copper FRLS wires, providing proper earthing, and installing MCB-RCCB protection enhanced safety and prevented future electrical accidents. In a textile shop, a cashier received a shock from an overloaded extension box with damaged insulation. Lack of RCD protection increased danger. Replacing extensions, avoiding overloading, and installing RCCBs ensured safer wiring practices and compliance with safety standards.