FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS

Q1. (Understand – Bloom’s Level 2) Classify the following partial differential equations as elliptic, parabolic, or hyperbolic and state the physical flow regime each represents in fluid dynamics: (a) Laplace equation (steady potential flow) (b) Heat conduction equation (c) Wave equation (d) Inviscid Burgers’ equation Q2. (Apply – Bloom’s Level 3) Draw simple sketches of: (a) a structured grid around a circular cylinder, and (b) an unstructured triangular grid around an airfoil. Also, state one advantage and one disadvantage of structured grids when compared to unstructured grids. Q3. (Understand / Apply – Bloom’s Level 2–3) Briefly explain the source panel method used in potential flow analysis around a 2D body. Your answer should include: the basic idea of the method, how boundary conditions are satisfied, and why the method is suitable for subsonic external aerodynamics. (Answer in 4–5 sentences)