Development of Roads in India – Institutions for highway planning and implementation at different levels - Jayakar committee recommendations and Realisations - Conventional methods and modern methods (Remote Sensing, GIS and GPS techniques) - Requirements of Ideal Alignment, Factors Controlling Highway Alignment - Classification and Cross Section of Urban and Rural Roads (IRC), Highway Cross Sectional Elements – Right of Way, Carriage Way, Camber, Kerbs, Shoulders and Footpaths [IRC Standards] .

Speed Studies – PIEV theory – Design Of super elevation– Theory & Problems -Extra widening on horizontal curves– Theory & Problems.-Transition curves -Theory & Problems. Design of Vertical Alignment: Terrain classification - Categories of Gradient – Grade compensation – Types of vertical curves - Theory and problems– Lateral and vertical clearance at underpasses.

Rigid and Flexible Pavements- Components and their Functions -Design Principles of Flexible and Rigid Pavements, Factors affecting the Design of Pavements - ESWL, ESAL ,Climate, Sub-grade Soil and Traffic - Design Practice for Flexible Pavements [IRC Method and Recommendations- Problems] -Design Practice for Rigid Pavements – IRC Recommendations - concepts only

Role of Indian Railways in National Development – Railways for Urban Transportation – LRT & MRTS – Permanent Way - Components and functions of each component – Coning of wheels-Gauges: Classification, Selection &Uniformity -Rails: Functions, Types of rail sections, Length of rails, Rail Joints, & Creep of rails.-Sleepers: Functions, Requirements, Classification & Sleeper density.-Ballast: Functions, Requirements, Types of ballast-

Construction & Maintenance – Conventional, Modern methods and Materials, Track Drainage - Track Modernisation – -Necessity of Points and Crossings – Turnouts. -Railway Stations: Requirements, Classifications.-Station Yards: Types - Signaling: Objects, Engineering principles and Types.- Control Systems: Control of train movement – Track Circuiting - Interlocking of signals and points: Necessity and Methods. Lay outs of Railway stations and yards and Rolling Stock, Tractive Power, Track Resistance.