Electric drives – advantages - Components of electric drives - Dynamics of motor load system – Torque speed characteristics – Four quadrant operation of drives - Load characteristics - Case Study on Selection of drives for industrial applications.

Speed torque characteristics of DC motors – Single phase and three phase controlled rectifier drives for shunt motors – 1Q, 2Q, 4Q Chopper controlled drives - Closed loop control of DC drives: Current limit control, speed control - Case Study on Improving efficiency in DC drive systems.

Speed torque characteristics of induction motor, Induction motor drives: Voltage control, V/f control drives – open loop and closed loop operation - starting and braking methods for AC drives - Synchronous motor drives: Brushless DC and PMSM drives - Case Study on Energy-efficient AC drives.

Introduction to Vector control - Field oriented control (FOC) of induction motors - Direct torque control (DTC) of AC motors - Sensorless control techniques - AI-based and adaptive control techniques - Case study on Smart drive systems for Industry 4.0

Electric drives in robotics and automation - Role of drives in wind and solar energy systems - Electric and hybrid vehicle drives - Energy efficiency and regenerative braking - Case Study on Electric drives in Metro rail systems.