Strain energy and strain energy density – strain energy due to axial load (gradual, sudden and impact loadings), shear, flexure and torsion – Castiligliano’s theorem- Maxwell’s reciprocal theorem - Principle of virtual work – Application of energy theorems for computing deflections in determinate beams, plane frames and plane trusses

Concept of Analysis - propped cantilever and fixed beams - fixed end moments and reactions – sinking and rotation of supports - Theorem of three moments – analysis of continuous beams – shear force and bending moment diagrams.

Euler’s column theory – critical load for prismatic columns with different end conditions – effective length – limitations - Rankine-Gordon formula - Eccentrically loaded short columns – middle third rule - core of a section.

Theories of failure–Maximum Principal stress theory – Maximum Principal strain theory – Maximum shear stress theory – Total Strain energy Theory and distortion energy theory –Application of Failure Theories in analysis.

Unsymmetrical bending of beams of symmetrical and unsymmetrical sections – Shear Centre - Curved beams – Winkler Bach formula