Farm mechanization –Objectives. Tillage-Objectives-Methods–Primary tillage implements- Secondary tillage implements -Animal drawn ploughs -Construction. Types of farm implements –Trailed, mounted. Scope and benefits of farm mechanization- Constraints. Different ploughing methods. Mouldboard plough- Attachments–Mouldboard Shapes and types. Disc plough- Force representation on disc–Types of disc ploughs–Subsoiler Plough-Rotary plough–Spading machine- Coir pith applicators. Lab Experiments: Operation of a tractor drawn mould board plough - Adjustments - Determination of field capacity Operation of a tractor drawn disc plough - Adjustments - Determination of field capacity

Cultivators- types-construction. Disc harrows-Bund former- ridger–Leveller.Basin lister- implements for wetland preparation. Hitch systems and hitching of tillage implements- virtual and real hitching for single point, single axis and double hitch - Mechanics of animal traction- functional requirements, principles of working. Weeding and Interculture equipment- Junior hoe - Guntaka - Blade harrow - Dry land weeders - tractor mounted and engine operated sweeps. Engine operated and Rotary weeders for upland and low land - selection, constructional features and adjustments. - Calculation of performance parameters -field capacity, efficiency, application rate and losses- performance requirements- cost analysis of implements and tractors. Lab Experiments: Hitching of mounted type tillage implements to the tractor and ploughing methods

Soil tillage- Forces analysis of tillage tools and their measurement- Design considerations of tillage implement -Type of Mouldboard plough and its functions- Theoretical furrow slice inversion- Design of mould board plough bottom- Standard dimensions of plough share and land side. Introduction of disk implements and their design consideration-Design of disk for different tools, spacing in multi disk implements, forces acting on vertical and inclined disk- Cultivators and their application- Design of different soil engaging tools such as shovel and sweep- Design of shank- overload safety devices used in farm machinery-design of safety devices. Lab Experiments: Operation of tractor drawn cultivator - Adjustments- and Determination of field capacity

Crop planting -Methods -Row crop planting systems -Devices for metering seeds–furrow openers–Furrow closers-types–Types of seed drills and planters. Design considerations of seed and fertilizer box and frame- Design of seed metering mechanism -Drill calibration - Application of fertilizers - Metering devices – Seed cum fertilizer drill – application of liquid fertilizers. Paddy and potato planters and sugar cane planter. Lab Experiments Experiment on Calibration of seed drills Operation of seed drill and centrifugal broadcasting device in the field

Sprayers – Classifications - Parts and accessories - Atomizers - Agitators - Determination of particle size and distribution. Number Median Diameter (NMD) and Volume Median Diameter (VMD). Sprayer operation – Boom sprayer - Precaution - Coverage - Factors affecting drift. Rotating disc sprayers – Controlled Droplet Application (CDA) - Electrostatic sprayers - Arial spraying. Dusters - types - Mist blower cum duster - Other plant protection devices, care and maintenance. Lab Experiments: Study of paddy Transplanter and drum seeder, Puddlers and Tramplers Operation and evaluation of Dry Land weeder / Power operated weeder Dismantling, parts identification and assembly of different components of knapsack power sprayer and duster.