Structure of a power system: Bulk Power Grids and Micro-grids, Conventional and Non-Conventional Energy Sources, Need for EHV transmission, advantages and disadvantages of EHV lines, HVDC transmission system, Advantages and Disadvantages, types of DC link. Generation, Transmission and Distribution Systems: Thermal Power Station, Hydro Power Station, Solar Power and Wind Power system (Block Diagram Approach). Line diagrams, voltage levels and topologies (mesh and radial systems). Overhead Transmission Lines - Parameters of transmission lines, Inductance and Capacitance calculations for single phase and three phase configurations, skin and proximity effects - corona.

Sinusoidal Steady state representation of Lines: Performance of Short, medium and long lines. Surge Impedance Loading, Series and Shunt Compensation of transmission lines, Ferranti effect. Transformers: Three-winding transformers, Tap-Changing in transformers. Transformer Parameters- Single phase equivalent of three-phase transformers. Synchronous Machines: Steady-state performance characteristics. Typical waveform underbalanced terminal short circuit conditions – steady state, transient and sub-transient equivalent circuits. Per-unit System and per-unit calculations, reactance diagram, Y bus and Z bus formation.

Line Supports, Conductor Materials, Overhead Lines Vs Underground Cables. Over Head Line Insulators: Types of Insulators, Potential Distribution over a String of Insulators and Methods of Equalizing Potential – String efficiency Under-Ground Cables: Types of Cables, Insulation in Cables, Armouring & Covering of Cable, Insulation Resistance, Stress in Insulation, Grading in cables.

Need for fault analysis-causes of faults, Symmetrical (or) balanced three phase faults – problem formulation – analysis using Thevenin‘s theorem - fault analysis using Z-bus. Unsymmetrical faults: Introduction to symmetrical components – sequence impedances – sequence networks – single line to ground, line to line and double line to ground fault conditions, computations of short circuit capacity, post fault voltage and currents, selection of circuit breaker ratings.

Plant location, plant size, number and size of units in plants, economic comparison of alternatives based on annual cost, rate of return, present worth and capitalized cost methods. Load curve, load duration and integrated load duration curves-load, demand, diversity, capacity, utilization and plant use factors, Costs of Generation and their division into Fixed, Semi-fixed and Running Costs, Desirable Characteristics of a Tariff Method-Tariff Methods: Flat Rate, Block-Rate, two-part, three –part, and power factor tariff methods. Power market fundamentals, Competition & Deregulation in Electricity market.