Properties of fluids – definition – units of measurement - Mass density – specific weight, specific volume – specific gravity - equation of state – perfect gas - Viscosity – vapour pressure – compressibility and elasticity - surface tension – capillarity. Fluid pressure and measurement – simple- manometers – introduction on mechanical gauges – (Qualitative approach).
Types of fluid flow – velocity and acceleration of a fluid particle - Rotational – irrotational circulation and vorticity - Flow pattern introduction – types. Principles of conservation of mass – energy – momentum – continuity equation in Cartesian co-ordinates - Euler's equation of motion.(Qualitative approach).
Bernoulli's equation – applications - Venturimeter – orifice meter -pitot tube – mouth piece - Flow through orifice under variable head – time of emptying a tank with and without inflow. Flow through pipes – laminar and turbulent flow in pipes. (Qualitative approach). Reynold's experiment - Darcy – Weisbach equation for friction head loss –Major and minor losses in pipes – hydraulic gradient line – energy gradient line. (Quantitative approach).
Types of flow in channel – uniform flow – most economical section of channel – rectangular – trapezoidal. (Qualitative approach) Flow measurement in channels – notches – rectangular, - Flow measurement in rivers/ streams / canals – weirs – free and submerged flow – current meter. (Quantitative approach)- CASE STUDY: Open Channel Aquaculture Monitoring.
Dimensional analysis – Fundamental dimensions – dimensional homogeneity –Buckingham Pi-Theorem- concept of geometric, kinematic and dynamic similarity. non-dimensional numbers – Reynolds, Froude. PUMPS: Centrifugal pumps – components – working – types of pumps and impellers - Priming – cavitation –Submersible pumps - CASE STUDY: Agriculture and Irrigation - Pump Applications.
Reference Book:
1. Streeter, V.L. Wylie, E. B. and Bedford K.W. “Fluid Mechanicsâ€, (9th Edition) Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.. 2017 2. Michael A.M. and S.D. Khepar, “Water Well and Pump Engineeringâ€. Tata McGraw Hill Co. New Delhi, 2008. 3. Chow V. T. “Open Channel Hydraulicsâ€. Mc Graw Hill Book Co., New Delhi. 1983. 4. Michael A.M. “Irrigation Theory and Practiceâ€, Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi, 2008.
Text Book:
1. Bansal, R. K. . “A Textbook of Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machinesâ€, (Revised 9th Edition), Laxmi Publications (P) Ltd, New Delhi, 2019. 2. Modi, P.N. and Seth S. M. “Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanicsâ€. (22nd Edition ) Standard Publishers Distributors, New Delhi, 2019. 3. Jagdish Lal,. “Hydraulic Machinesâ€. Metropolitan Book House, New Delhi, 2016. 4. Rajput, R. K.. “A Textbook of Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machinesâ€, (6th Edition), S. Chand and Company Limited, New Delhi. 2016.
