Constructional details of spark ignition (SI)and compression ignition (CI)engines. Working principles. Two stroke SI and CI engines – construction and working. Comparison of SI and CI engines and four stroke and two stroke engines– Indicated Power, Brake Power, Indicated thermal, brake thermal and volumetric efficiencies. Measurement of Engine CC

Air fuel ratio requirements of SI engines, Air fuel ratio and emissions, Working of a simple fixed venture carburettor, Constant vacuum carburettor. Diesel fuel injection systems-Jerk pumps, distributor pumps, pintle and multihole nozzles, Unit injector and Common Rail Direct Injection systems. Description of a simple diesel engine governor.

Need for cooling, types of cooling systems- air and liquid cooling systems. Forced circulation and pressurized cooling systems. Properties of coolants. Requirements of lubrication systems. Types-mist, pressure feed, dry and wet sump systems. Properties of lubricants.

Introduction to combustion in SI and diesel engines and stages of combustion - Dependence of ignition timing on load and speed. Knock in SI and CI engines - Combustion chambers for SI and CI engines – Direct and indirect injection combustion chambers for CI engines-Importance of Swirl, squish and turbulence-Factors controlling combustion chamber design

Emission formation in SI and CI Engine - Design modifications –Fuel modification–Evaporative emission control-Exhaust gas recirculation–SCR–Fumigation– Secondary Air injection – PCV system– Particulate Trap– CCS– Exhaust treatment in SI engines– Thermal reactors – Catalytic converters – Catalysts – Use of unleaded petrol. Introduction to BS VI –Euro Norms.