X- Ray generation & absorption – X- Ray Equipment (Block Diagram) – X-Ray Tube, collimator, Bucky Grid, power supply – Digital Radiography-discrete digital detectors, storage phosphor and film scanning – Fluoroscopy - X-ray Image Intensifier tubes – Digital Fluoroscopy. Angiography – Mammography
Tomography principles, CT Generations - X- Ray sources, collimation, X- Ray detectors, spiral CT scanning, Ultra-fast CT scanners. Image reconstruction techniques- back projection and iterative method – Helical CT reconstruction - Parallel Beam Reconstruction.
Magnetic resonance- Interaction of Nuclei with static magnetic field and radiofrequency wave – Induction of magnetic resonance signals – bulk Magnetization, Relaxation processes T1 and T2. Block Diagram approach of MRI system- system Magnet (Permanent, Electromagnet and Super conductors), Gradient magnetic fields, Radio Frequency coils – Functional MRI
Gamma camera- Principle of operation, collimator, photo multiplier tube, X-Y positioning circuit, pulse height Analyzer. Principles of SPECT and PET.
Effects of radiation- direct and indirect. Radiation therapy – linear accelerator, Tele gamma Machine. Recent Techniques in radiation therapy - Stereotaxic Radiosurgery, Stereotaxic Radiotherapy, 3D CRT, IMRT, IGRT and Cyber knife. Radiation measuring instruments -Dosimeter, film Badges, Thermo Luminescent dosimeters- electronic dosimeter. Radiation protection in medicine- radiation protection principles, ICRP, AERB
Reference Book:
1 Gopal B. Saha “Physics and Radiobiology of Nuclear Medicineâ€- Springer; 4th ed. 2013 edition. 2 B.H.Brown, PV Lawford, R H Small wood , D R Hose, D C Barber, “Medical physics and biomedical Engineeringâ€, CRC Press, 1999 3 Myer Kutz, “Standard handbook of Biomedical Engineering and designâ€, McGraw Hill, 2003 4 P.Ragunathan, “Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy in Medicine concepts and Techniques’’, Orient Longman, 2007
Text Book:
1 R.Hendee and Russell Ritenour “Medical Imaging Physicsâ€, Fourth Edition William, Wiley-Liss, 2002 2 Steve Webb, The Physics of Medical Imaging, Adam Hilger, Philadelpia, 1988
