Nature of Soil - Problems with soil - phase relation - sieve analysis - sedimentation analysis – Atterberg limits - classification for engineering purposes - BIS Classification system –GI Index- Soil compaction - factors affecting compaction – field compaction methods and monitoring.

Soil water – Various forms – Capillary rise – Suction – Total, neutral and effective stress distribution in soil-Permeability – Darcy’s Law- Permeability measurement in the laboratory – quick sand condition - Seepage – Laplace Equation - Introduction to flow nets –properties and uses-Application to simple problems.

Stress distribution in soil media – Boussinesque’s formula – stress due to line load and Circular and rectangular loaded area - Use of influence charts-Westerguard’s equation for point load - Components of settlement - Immediate and consolidation settlement - Terzaghi's one dimensional consolidation theory - laboratory consolidation test – Field consolidation curve – NC and OC clays - problems on final and time rate of consolidation

Shear strength of cohesive and cohesion less soils - Mohr - Coulomb failure theory - Strength parameters - Measurement of shear strength, direct shear, Triaxial compression, UCC and Vane shear tests –Types of shear tests based on drainage and their applicability - Drained and undrained behavior of clay and sand – Stress path for conventional triaxial test.

Slope failure mechanisms - Modes - Infinite slopes - Finite slopes – Total and effective stress analysis - Stability analysis for purely cohesive and C- soils - Method of slices – Modified Bishop’s method - Friction circle method - Stability number – Problems - Slope protection measures..