Principles – Classification of Surveying – Scales – Conventional signs – Chain Surveying – Tape – Compass Surveying – types - Adjustment of error

Definition – Terms – Levels and Staves – Temporary and permanent adjustments – Fly and check levelling – Booking – Reduction – Curvature and refraction – Reciprocal levelling – Longitudinal and cross sections – Plotting – Calculation of areas and volumes – Contouring - Capacity of reservoirs.

Theodolite – Types – Description – Horizontal and vertical angles – Temporary and permanent adjustments – Heights and distances – Tangential and Stadia Tacheometry – Stadia constants – Anallactic lens – Curves – Terminologies – Types – Setting out a simple curve – Rankine’s method of deflection angle.

Basic Principle – Classifications – Electro-optical system: Measuring principle - Working principle -Sources of Error, Microwave system: Measuring principle - working principle - Sources of Error - Comparison between Electro-optical and Microwave system - Care and maintenance of Total Station instruments - Modern positioning systems

Basic Concepts – Different segments – space, control and user segments – Satellite configuration – signal structure – Orbit determination and representation – Anti Spoofing and Selective Availability – Task of control segment – Hand Held and Geodetic receivers – data processing – Traversing and Triangulation – Application of GPS – Introduction and Application of DGPS – Fundamentals of Photogrammetry and Remote sensing