Scope and objectives–Methods of exploration-auguring and boring –Water boring and rotatory drilling–Depth of boring – Spacing of borehole - Sampling–Representative and undisturbed sampling – sampling techniques–Split spoon sampler, Thin tube sampler, Stationary piston sampler– Bore log report– Penetration tests(SPT and SCPT)–Geophysical Investigation–Selection of foundation based on soil condition.

Introduction – Location and depth of foundation – codal provisions –– Terzaghi’s formula and BIS formula–General bearing capacity equation and water table effect on the bearing capacity–factors affecting bearing capacity – problems – Bearing Capacity from insitutests (SPT and plate load)– Bearing capacity for footings on layered soil

Settlement – Components of settlement – Determination of settlement of foundations on granular and clay deposits – Allowable settlements – Codal provision – Methods of minimising settlement, differential settlement. Types of foundation – Contact pressure distribution below footings and raft- Isolated and combined footings–Types and proportioning-Mat foundation–Types, applications, usesand proportioning – floating foundation.

Introduction– Different types of foundations – Design methodology for piles - Calculation of pile capacity– Stresses in pile– Analysis of pile group – Settlement of pile groups – Concept of negative skin friction–Piles subjected to lateral loads–Pile load test–Design and construction of well foundation, piers etc

Introduction – mechanical compaction – dynamic compaction –impact loading –compaction by blasting –vibro-compaction –pre-compression –dynamic consolidation – stone columns and sand drains –Geotextiles – Soil nailing – Improvement of black cotton soils