Singlecrystalline,polycrystallineandamorphousmaterials–singlecrystals:unitcell,crystal systems,Bravaislattices,Millerindices,directionsandplanesinacrystal– inter-planar distances-coordinationnumberandpackingfactorforSC,BCC,FCC,HCPstructures-Crystalimperfections–point,line,surfaceandvolumeimperfections.

Conductors:classicalfreeelectrontheory–electricalconductivity-Successandfailuresof classicalfreeelectrontheory-Quantum freeelectrontheoryofmetals-Fermidistribution function -Densityofenergystates fora metal– Carrierconcentration in a metal. Superconductors:properties – Meissnereffect– type I& IIsuperconductors – BCS theory–Applications:Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID),Magnetic levitation.

Intrinsic Semiconductors – Energy band diagram – direct and indirect band gap semiconductors–Carrierconcentrationinintrinsicsemiconductors–Fermilevel–Variation ofFermilevelwithtemperature–electricalconductivity–bandgapdetermination–extrinsic semiconductors-Halleffect–Determinationhallcoefficient–Applications–Photodetectors (PIN&Avalanche).

Basicconcepts–magneticmoment,susceptibility,permeability-Originofmagneticmoment –Bohrmagneton–Dia,ParaandFerromagnetism –Domaintheory–Hysteresis–softand hardmagneticmaterials – antiferromagneticmaterials–Ferritesanditsapplications- Magneticstoragedevices-magneticharddisc,bubblememory.

Spontaneousandstimulatedemission-Populationinversion-Einstein’sAandBcoefficients- Typesoflasers–CO2,Semiconductorlasers-IndustrialandMedicalApplications. OpticsFibre:Principleandpropagationoflightinopticalfibres–Numericalapertureand Acceptanceangle-Typesofopticalfibres(material,refractiveindex,mode)–Lossesin opticalfibre-attenuation,dispersion,bending-FibreOpticalCommunicationsystem (Block diagram).