Singlecrystalline,polycrystallineandamorphousmaterials–singlecrystals:unitcell,crystal systems,Bravaislattices,Millerindices,directionsandplanesinacrystal– inter-planar distances-coordinationnumberandpackingfactorforSC,BCC,FCC,HCPstructures- Crystalimperfections–point,line,surfaceandvolumeimperfections.

Conductors:classicalfreeelectrontheory–electricalconductivity-Successandfailuresofclassicalfreeelectrontheory-Quantum freeelectrontheoryofmetals-Fermidistributionfunction -Density of energy states fora metal– Carrierconcentration in a metal.Superconductors:properties – Meissner effect– type I& IIsuper conductors – BCS theory–Applications:Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID),Magnetic levitation.

Intrinsic Semiconductors – Energy band diagram – direct and indirect band gapsemiconductors–Carrierconcentrationinintrinsicsemiconductors–Fermilevel–VariationofFermilevelwithtemperature–electricalconductivity–bandgapdetermination–extrinsicsemiconductors-Halleffect–Determinationhallcoefficient–Applications–Photodetectors (PIN&Avalanche).

Basicconcepts–magneticmoment,susceptibility,permeability-Originofmagneticmoment–Bohrmagneton–Dia,ParaandFerromagnetism –Domaintheory–Hysteresis–softandhardmagneticmaterials – antiferromagneticmaterials–Ferritesanditsapplications-Magneticstoragedevices-magneticharddisc,bubblememory.

Spontaneousandstimulatedemission-Populationinversion-Einstein’sAandBcoefficients-Typesoflasers–CO2,Semiconductorlasers-IndustrialandMedicalApplications.OpticsFibre:Principleandpropagationoflightinopticalfibres–Numerical aperture and Acceptance angle-Types of optical fibres (material,refractive index,mode)–Losses in opticalfibre-attenuation,dispersion,bending-FibreOpticalCommunicationsystem (Block diagram).