Single crystalline, polycrystalline and amorphous materials single crystals: unit cell, crystal systems, Bravais lattices, Miller indices , dir ections and planes in a crystal inter planar distances coordination number and packing factor for SC, BCC, F CC, HCP structures Crystal imperfections point, line, surface and volume imperfections.

Conductors: classical free electron theory electrical conductivity Success and failures of classical free electron theory Quantum free electron theory of metals Fermi distribution function Density of energy states for a metal Carrier concentration in a metal. Superconductors: properties Meissner effect type I & II superconductors BCS theory Applications: Superconducting Quantum Interference Device ( SQUID), Magnetic levitation.

Intrinsic Semiconductors Energy band diagram direct and indirect bandgap semiconductors Carrier concentration in intrinsic semiconductors Fermi level Variation of Fermi level with temperature electrical conductivity band gap determination extrinsic semiconductors Hall effect Determination hall coefficient Applications Photo det ectors (PIN & Avalanche)

Basic concepts magnetic moment, susceptibility, permeability Origin of magnetic moment Bohr magneton Dia, Para and Ferro magnetism Domain theory Hysteresis soft and hard magnetic materials anti ferromagnetic materials Ferrites and its applications Magnetic storage devices magnetic hard disc, bubble memory.

Spontaneous and stimulated emission Population inversion Einstein’s A and B coefficients Types of lasers CO 2 , Semiconductor lasers Industrial and Medical Applications. Optics Fibre: Principle and propagation of light in optical fibres Numerical aperture and Acceptance angle Types of optical fibres (material, refractive index, mode) Losses in optical fibre attenuation, dispersion, bending Fibre Optical Communicati on system (Block diagram).