Solar radiation availability - radiation measurement – transmittance - absorptance - flat plate collectors - heat transfer correlations - collector efficiency - heat balance – absorber plate – types - selective surfaces. Solar driers – types – heat transfer - performance of solar dryers – agro industrial applications - liquid flat plate collectors - their performance.

Optically concentrating collectors – types – reflectors - solar thermal power stations – principle and applications - solar stills - types - solar pond - performance – characteristics – applications – solar refrigeration. Photovoltaics - types – characteristics – load estimation - batteries – invertors – operation - system controls. PV system installations – standalone systems - PV powered water pumping – system sizing and optimization - hybrid system - solar technologies in green buildings.

Nature of wind – wind structure and measurement - wind power laws - velocity and power duration curves - aero foil - tip speed ratio - torque and power characteristics - power coefficients – Betz coefficient.

Wind mill – classification– power curve. Upwind and downwind systems - transmission rotors –pumps - generators - standalone system - grid system – batteries. Wind energy storage - wind farms - wheeling and banking - testing and certification procedures.

Ocean energy- off shore and on shore ocean energy conversion technologies- OTEC principles-open and closed cycles. Tidal energy – high and low tides – tidal power- tidal energy conversion schemes. Geothermal energy – resources – classification and types of geothermal power plants. Nuclear energy – reactions – fusion fission hybrid. Fuel cell – principle and operation – classification and types. Energy storage – pumped hydro and underground pumped hydro – compressed air - battery - flywheel – thermal.