UNIT 1:
Introduction –History of Surveying
Principles and basic concepts and uses of surveying -Types, branches, and methods of surveying
Process of Survey - Units of Measurement
Responsibilities, Role and task of a surveyor- Responsibilities, Role and task of a survey assistant
Survey control stations – Definition, protection measures
Ranging - Direct and Indirect methods
UNIT 2:
Introduction – Principles of chain surveying
Instruments involved in chain surveying, Types of chain, Selection of survey stations and lines - Offsets - types
Measurement - cross-staff and optical square - Steps involved in Chain Survey - Reconnaissance
Index sketch, Reference sketch, Booking entries in field book
Degree of accuracy in chaining
Errors and compensation - cumulative, mistakes
UNIT 3:
Linear Measurement - Types
Traditional Distance measurement, Equipment for traditional methods
Electronic Distance measurement- Principle of EDM operation
Errors affecting EDM Operation - classification of EDM instruments
Formulae for calculation of area, Mid-Ordinate rule, Average ordinate rule
Trapezoidal rules, Simpson rule -Computation of volume.
