General theory of transmission lines - General Solution of the transmission line - Waveform distortion and distortion less transmission line – Loading of transmission lines, Input and Transfer impedance - Reflection factor and reflection loss. The Line at Radio Frequencies: Line of Zero dissipation - Standing waves and standing wave ratio on a line – Impedance matching: Quarter wave Transformer. The Smith Chart and its applications – Single stub matching and Double stub matching.

Waves between parallel planes of perfect conductors – Transverse electric and transverse magnetic waves – Transverse Electromagnetic waves - characteristics of TE, TM and TEM Waves – TE and TM Waves in Rectangular Wave guides – TE and TM waves in circular wave guides - Microwave cavity Resonators.

Review of electromagnetic theory: Concept of vector potential. Modification for time varying retarded case - Radiation from a current element and half-wave dipole. Antenna fundamentals: Antenna fundamentals and definition of antenna parameters, Slot antennas, Babinet’s principle. Antenna arrays: Two element array, Principle of Pattern Multiplication, N element Uniform Linear Arrays - Broadside and End fire Arrays, Binomial Arrays.

Horn Antennas, Reflector Antennas – Geometrical characteristics - types of feeds, Micro strip Antennas -design - types of feeds, Log periodic antenna, Lens Antennas, Helical Antenna in Axial and Normal Modes-UWB Antennas - Reconfigurable antenna.

Antenna Measurement -Measurement of Antenna pattern – Impedance Measurement. Gain Measurement and Directivity Measurement. Ground Wave Propagation – Attenuation characteristics for ground wave propagation, Calculation of field strength at a distance. Sky Wave Propagation – Structure of ionosphere, Mechanism of Reflection and Refraction, Critical Frequency, MUF and Skip Distance, Optimum Frequency, Virtual Height. Space Wave Propagation – Reflection from ground for vertically and horizontally polarized waves, Reflection characteristics of earth. Resultant of direct and reflected ray at the receiver, Duct propagation.