Properties of fluids – definition – units of measurement - Mass density – specific weight, specific volume – specific gravity - Viscosity – Thermodynamic properties– compressibility and elasticity - surface tensionDimensional analysis – Fundamental dimensions – dimensional homogeneity – Rayleigh’s method and Buckingham Pi-Theorem - concept of geometric, kinematic and dynamic similarity. Important non-dimensional numbers – Reynolds, Froude, Euler, Mach and Weber
fluid pressure at a point- Hydrostatic forces on surfaces- Total pressure and center of pressure- Application of Pascal’s law- Pressure variation in a fluid at rest-Absolute, Gauge, Atmospheric and vacuum pressures Archimedes Principle- Buoyancy- Application in fluid foods- Measurement of pressure-Simple manometers Differential manometers.
Types of fluid flow – velocity and acceleration of a fluid particle - Rotational – irrotational circulation and vorticity - Viscous Flow and Turbulent flow of fluids- Flow pattern – stream line – equipotential line – stream tube path line – streak line – flow net – velocity potential – stream function. Principles of conservation of mass – energy – momentum – continuity equation in Cartesian co-ordinates - Euler's equation of motion.
Bernoulli's equation – applications - Venturimeter – orifice meter -pitot tube – mouth piece - Flow through orifice under variable head – time of emptying a tank with and without inflow. Flow through pipes – laminar and turbulent flow in pipes - Reynold's experiment - Darcy – Weisbach equation for friction head loss – Chezy's formula – Manning's formula – Hazen- William‟s formula - Major and minor losses in pipes – hydraulic gradient line – energy gradient line- Flow through parallel pipes- Flow through branched pipes-Power transmission through pipes- Water hammer in pipes- Flow through nozzles- Pipe network
Pump terminology –suction lift, suction head, delivery head, discharge, water horsepower – selection of pump capacity. Centrifugal pumps – components – working – types of pumps and impellers - Priming – cavitation – specific speed – characteristic curves. Submersible pumps -Airlift pump - reciprocating pump - sludge pump and vacuum pump- Hydraulic ram.
Reference Book:
1. S K Som, Gautam Biswas, S Chakraborty, “Introduction to Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Machinesâ€. 3rd edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2017. 2. Agarwal, S.K., “Fluid Mechanics and Machineryâ€, Tata Mc Graw Hill Co. New Delhi, 2006. 3. McCabe W.L., Smith J.C., and Harriot P., “Unit Operations of Chemical Engineeringâ€, 7th Edition, McGraw Hill, New York, 2017. 4. Michael A.M. Irrigation Theory and Practice, Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi, 2008.7
Text Book:
1. Bansal, R.K., “A Textbook of Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machinesâ€. 10th edition, Laxmi Publications, New Delhi, 2018. . 2. Modi, P.N. and Seth, S.M., “A Text book of Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machinesâ€. 22 nd Edition, Standard Book House, New Delhi, 2017. 3. Rajput, R.K., “A Textbook of Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machinesâ€, S Chand & Company, New Delhi, 2016
